English

Kazakhstan was one of the last countries of CIS to introduce a national currency. In 1991 a "special group" of designers was created: Mendybay Alin, Timur Suleymenov, Asimsaly Duzelkhanov and Khayrulla Gabzhalilov. On November 12, 1993, a decree of the President of Kazakhstan, "About introducing national currency of Republic of Kazakhstan", was issued. On November 15, 1993, the tenge was brought into circulation. As such, November 15 is celebrated as the "Day of national currency of Republic of Kazakhstan". In 1995, a tenge printing factory was opened in Kazakhstan. The first consignment of tenge was printed abroad, in the U.K.. The first coins were minted in Germany.
March 20, two days before Navruz holiday, National Bank of Kazakhstan has approved graphical symbol for tenge.

In 1993, the National Bank of Kazakhstan issued notes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 tiyn, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 tenge. These were followed by 500 and 1000 tenge notes in 1994. 2000 tenge notes were introduced in 1996, with 5000 tenge in 1998 and 10,000 tenge in 2003.

At the times of Soviet Union, there wasn’t not only small or middle business, there was not any business at all, everything was public and there was no owners; so all countries of ex-Soviet Union have to develop their small enterprises intensively. For Kazakhstan, it was very difficult, mainly because Kazakhstan had more mineral industry and a little of agriculture, for the most part - grain.

Processing industry was very weak. When USSR broke up and young Kazakhstan had to care about itself, enterprises needed huge amounts of money to buy necessary equipment, employ qualified workers to work in mineral industry and to develop processing industry, which demand, by the way, more expenses. However, firstly, government and banks did not have enough money to give credits to the enterprises and secondly, it was much easier to create monopoly. Thus, our system of supporting small business was not correct from the very beginning. But still, 10 years later when it seems that Kazakhstan had grown roots and almost everything going rather well, our system of supporting small business in a bad condition (see Appendix 1).

He is selected in April, 1990 

By national voting it is selected on December, 1st, 1991 

The term of appointment is prolonged on a national referendum on April, 29th, 1995 

On January, 10th, 1999 on an alternative basis it is again selected by the President of Republic Kazakhstan for seven-year term, having received 79,78 percent of voices казахстанцев, taken part in voting. 

On April, 24th, 1990 N.A.Nazarbaev is selected by the first President Kazakh ССР. 

On April, 29th, 1995 on results of a national referendum of power of the President of Republic Kazakhstan have been prolonged till 2000. 

Supreme commander in chief Armed forces РК, Chairman of Secutiry council RK, Chairman of Assembly of people of Kazakhstan, Chairman of the World Association of Kazakhs. 

Награжден the maximum awards and medals of Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan and of some foreign countries. 

1. Introduction
2. GS. Overview.
2.1. The types of government securities;
2.2. Development of GS in primary and secondary markets;
2.3. The technical infrastructure;
2.4. The legal base;
2.5. Development of external borrowing of the Ministry of Finance.
3. General notes about GS in Kazakhstan.
3.1. Macroeconomic indicators (end of period);
3.2. Market overview;
3.3. Privatization;
3.4. Clearing and settlement system on securities market;
3.5. Regulatory and Supervisory Structure;
3.6. Corporate Governance.
4. Structure of national currency denominated Government Securities in Circulation (2001-2007).
5. The basic direction of the further development of GS market.
6. Summary.
7. References.
8. Abbreviations. 

The importance of the research.

The global practice shows, that the security markets are the effective mechanism of mobilization of financial resources and savings of the population, optimum redistribution of means in a national economy.