Экономика и финансы
Бюджетная система РК
Казахстанская экономика переживает трудности: остановился рост валового внутреннего продукта, продолжается спад инвестиций, уменьшается собираемость налогов и других государственных сборов и платежей, растут расходы по обслуживанию внутреннего и внешнего долга. Сложное положение в социальной сфере, снижаются доходы населения, а значит, и уровень потребления.
Анализ экономического состояния Шалкарского района Актюбинской области
Развал Советского Союза в начале девяностых годов 20 века явился переломным этапом в жизни многих людей, районов, государств. Если отодвинуть в сторону все эмоции и все политические последствия данного события, посмотрев на него с экономической точки зрения, то можно обнаружить следующее: разрыв внутрихозяйственных связей, реорганизация формы собственности, кризис неплатежей и как следствие гиперинфляция и безработица.
Kazakhstani tenge
Kazakhstan was one of the last countries of CIS to introduce a national currency. In 1991 a "special group" of designers was created: Mendybay Alin, Timur Suleymenov, Asimsaly Duzelkhanov and Khayrulla Gabzhalilov. On November 12, 1993, a decree of the President of Kazakhstan, "About introducing national currency of Republic of Kazakhstan", was issued. On November 15, 1993, the tenge was brought into circulation. As such, November 15 is celebrated as the "Day of national currency of Republic of Kazakhstan". In 1995, a tenge printing factory was opened in Kazakhstan. The first consignment of tenge was printed abroad, in the U.K.. The first coins were minted in Germany.
March 20, two days before Navruz holiday, National Bank of Kazakhstan has approved graphical symbol for tenge.
In 1993, the National Bank of Kazakhstan issued notes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 tiyn, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 tenge. These were followed by 500 and 1000 tenge notes in 1994. 2000 tenge notes were introduced in 1996, with 5000 tenge in 1998 and 10,000 tenge in 2003.
Small Business lending in Kazakhstan
At the times of Soviet Union, there wasn’t not only small or middle business, there was not any business at all, everything was public and there was no owners; so all countries of ex-Soviet Union have to develop their small enterprises intensively. For Kazakhstan, it was very difficult, mainly because Kazakhstan had more mineral industry and a little of agriculture, for the most part - grain.
Processing industry was very weak. When USSR broke up and young Kazakhstan had to care about itself, enterprises needed huge amounts of money to buy necessary equipment, employ qualified workers to work in mineral industry and to develop processing industry, which demand, by the way, more expenses. However, firstly, government and banks did not have enough money to give credits to the enterprises and secondly, it was much easier to create monopoly. Thus, our system of supporting small business was not correct from the very beginning. But still, 10 years later when it seems that Kazakhstan had grown roots and almost everything going rather well, our system of supporting small business in a bad condition (see Appendix 1).
Freedom of Kazakhstani economy
Kazakhstan's economy is 60.4 percent free, according to our 2007 assessment, which makes it the world's 75th freest economy. Its overall score is 0.8 percentage point lower than last year, partially reflecting new methodological detail. Kazakhstan is ranked 10th out of 30 countries in the Asia–Pacific region, and its overall score is just above the regional average.
Kazakhstan scores highly in fiscal freedom, freedom from government, and labor freedom. The top income and corporate tax rates are a moderate 20 percent and 30 percent, respectively. The government also imposes additional taxes, however, and overall tax revenue is somewhat high as a percentage of GDP. Government expenditure is also somewhat high, although the government has gradually been privatizing businesses. Kazakhstan has a highly flexible labor system.
Government Securities in Kazakhstan
1. Introduction
2. GS. Overview.
2.1. The types of government securities;
2.2. Development of GS in primary and secondary markets;
2.3. The technical infrastructure;
2.4. The legal base;
2.5. Development of external borrowing of the Ministry of Finance.
3. General notes about GS in Kazakhstan.
3.1. Macroeconomic indicators (end of period);
3.2. Market overview;
3.3. Privatization;
3.4. Clearing and settlement system on securities market;
3.5. Regulatory and Supervisory Structure;
3.6. Corporate Governance.
4. Structure of national currency denominated Government Securities in Circulation (2001-2007).
5. The basic direction of the further development of GS market.
6. Summary.
7. References.
8. Abbreviations.
The importance of the research.
The global practice shows, that the security markets are the effective mechanism of mobilization of financial resources and savings of the population, optimum redistribution of means in a national economy.
Economy of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is the largest nation and economy in Central Asia, and the ninth largest nation by area in the world. It possesses enormous fossil fuel reserves as well as minerals and metals. It also has considerable agricultural potential with its vast steppe lands accommodating both livestock and grain production, as well as developed space infrastructure, which took over all launches to the International Space Station from the Space Shuttle. The mountains in the south are important for apples and walnuts; both species grow wild there. Kazakhstan's industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a relatively large machine building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery, and some military items.
Reasons for inflation in Kazakhstan in 2007
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..3
1. Inflation in Q1 2007…………………………………………………………………………….5
1.1. Inflationary processes………………………...………………………………………5
1.2. Fiscal policy…………………………………………………………………………12
1.3. Monetary policy……………………………………………………………………..14
2. Inflation estimation on Q2 and Q3 2007……………………………………………………...24
3. Inflation forecast for 2007…………………………………………………………………….25
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….27
Reference………………………………………………………………………………………...27
Reasons for inflation in Kazakhstan are discussed in the scope of this paper.
Inflation in Kazakhstan 2004-2006
Introduction…………………………………….……………………………………………………………..3
1. Inflation in 2004…………….…………………………………………………………………..…….5
1.1. Inflationary processes………….……………...………………………………………5
1.2. Fiscal policy…………….……………………………………………………………………12
1.3. Monetary policy…………………………………………………………………………..14
2. Inflation in 2005………………..…………………………..……………………………………...24
3. Inflation in 2006………………………………….………………………………………………….25
Conclusion………………………………………….……………………………………………………….27
Reference…………………………………………………………………………………………………...27
Ликвидность и платежеспособность банка в Казахстане
Во введении к данной дипломной работе можно сказать, что проблема ликвидности коммерческих банков стоит очень остро в условиях переходной экономики во многих странах СНГ, в том числе и в Казахстане.
Если проанализировать развитие банковской системы в Республике Казахстан, то можно сказать, что с января 1995 года началось количественное сжатие банковской системы, основной целью которого явилось повышение надежности банковской системы республики. Сжатие банков достигалось путем ужесточения требований Национального банка, усиления конкуренции между банками. Основной задачей Национального банка стало качественное улучшение деятельности всех банков и формирование групп (10-15 банков), приближающихся к мировым стандартам.
На 1 января 1995 года было зарегистрировано 237 банков, из них 25 имели генеральную валютную лицензию, по размеру уставного фонда они относились к самым крупным банкам республики. Из общего числа только 8 банков имели уставной фонд от 5 млн. долларов и выше.